New guidelines revise how aortic disease is diagnosed and treated

By American Heart Association News

Sebastian Kaulitzki/Science Photo Library via Getty Images
(Sebastian Kaulitzki/Science Photo Library via Getty Images)

美国心脏协会和美国心脏病学会发布了诊断和管理影响人体最大动脉的疾病的新指南, providing recommendations for surgery, imaging, family screening and more.

更新后的指南取代了两份识别和治疗主动脉疾病的旧文件, 心脏动脉当血液流经胸部和腹部时,将血液从心脏输送出去的动脉.

“在过去的十年里,当涉及到主动脉疾病时,临床医生可以获得大量新的基于证据的研究," guideline writing committee chair Dr. Eric M. Isselbacher said in a news release. Isselbacher是一名临床心脏病专家,也是波士顿马萨诸塞州总医院胸主动脉中心的联合主任.

他说,是时候“重新评估和更新”之前的指导方针了. “我们希望这份新指南可以为临床实践提供最新的综合建议, 目标是一个完整的多学科主动脉团队努力提供最好的护理."

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There are different types of aortic disease. For example, the aorta's walls can weaken and bulge, causing an aneurysm, or they can tear, causing an aortic dissection. 症状包括胸痛或压力、背痛、疲劳、颈部或下颌疼痛. 当动脉瘤破裂或夹层严重时,可能立即致命. 但如果通过影像学检查发现,挽救生命的治疗是可能的. 这可能包括仔细的监测、手术、药物治疗和/或生活方式的改变.

For first-degree relatives of people who have had aortic disease, 该指南建议通过基因检测和成像来识别风险最大的人群.

该文件还建议在获得和报告CT或MRI成像的方式上更加一致, 包括如何测量主动脉以及手术前后使用图像的频率. 它鼓励在拍摄多幅图像时使用相同类型的技术和实验室.

Recommendations for who should get surgery and when also changed. 对于患有主动脉疾病的人来说,他们比平均水平要矮或高, 该指南建议调整手术所需损伤大小的阈值. 患主动脉瘤或夹层的风险随着损伤的大小而增加, 但对于那些在拥有多学科主动脉团队和经验丰富的外科医生的机构接受治疗的人,推荐手术的最小尺寸降低了. 该指南还改变了快速动脉瘤生长速率的定义, another criterion for surgery.

For the best surgical outcomes, 指南推荐多学科的主动脉小组和经验丰富的外科医生. 团队可能包括在治疗大量此类患者的医疗中心具有治疗复杂主动脉疾病经验的心脏和血管外科医生. Imaging specialists, 同时强烈推荐有治疗主动脉疾病经验的麻醉师和重症监护病房.

患者也应被视为团队的成员,并参与制定治疗决策, especially if they are pregnant, 考虑怀孕或处于符合手术标准的边缘, according to the new guidelines.

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